Research - Creative City Network of Canada

Community Building

Background Reading and Research
- A new framework for building participation in the arts – 606KB
  
  Rand Corporation, Kevin F. McCarthy, Kimberly J. Jinnett. Behavioural model that identifies main factors for individual decisions for cultural participation at successful institutions.
- Art-Goers in Their Communities: Patterns of Civic and Social Engagement – 277KB (2009)
  
  National Endowment for the Arts. October 2009.
- Arts and Social Exclusion – 539KB
  
  A literature review commissioned by the Arts Council of England to support its two-year social inclusion research programme. The review explores the concept of social exclusion, and evidence of the impact of the arts in contributing to addressing social exclusion.
- Arts Participation: steps to stronger cultural and community life – 2481KB
  
  Summary of findings that people who participate in the arts are more likely to engage in other community activities.
- Arts Participation: Steps to Stronger Cultural and Community Life – 2481KB (2003)
  
  Walker, C., Fleming, C., Sherwood, K. (2003). Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
- Arts, Cultural Inclusion and Social Cohesion (The): NESF Report 35 (Summary) – 248KB (2007)
  
  National Economic Social Forum, January 2007. National Economic & Social Development Office (NESDO).
- Communities: the engines of social cohesion – 171KB (2001)
  
  Summary of current directions and understandings in social cohesion research.
- Community Arts Workbook … another Vital Link – 2666KB
  
  What is community arts? How can we view it as an artistic discipline? How has community arts emerged in Canada and in other countries? How does one start a community arts project? What are some of the challenges to working in this creative collaborative process?
- Creating Community: Celebrations, Arts and Wellbeing Within and Across Local Communities – 1076KB (2006)
  
  Martin Mulligan, Kim Humphery, Paul James, Christopher Scanlon, Pia Smith and Nicky Welch (2006). The Globalism Institute.
- Creativity and Neighbourhood Development: Strategies for Community Investment – 2604KB (2007)
  
  Jeremy Nowak (December 2007). The Reinvestment Fund.
- Cultural Symbiosis: cultural participation and cohesive communities – 67KB (2000)
  
  Research in cultural participation rates and effects on civic participation and community development.
- Cultural Vitality in Communities: Interpretation and Indicators – 4775KB (2006)
  
  Maria Rosario Jackson, Florence Kabwasa-Green, & Joaquín Herranz. (2006). Culture, Creativity, and Communities Program: The Urban Institute.
Differently-Abled Communities
- Australia: Art for Art’s Sake: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Facilitation of Creativity within Disability Services – 242KB (2009)
  
  By Jaclyn Fuller, Fiona Jongsma, Kelly Milne, Sofia Venuti & Kristy Williams, Accessible Arts, Australia, January 2009. This qualitative study focuses on how creativity is facilitated within a range of creative art services for adults with disabilities. The study conducted by the authors is posed from an occupational therapy perspective to draw on the values of current art services run in the Sydney metropolitan area for this specific adult group.
- Australia: Making the Journey: Arts and disability in Australia – 2722KB (2005)
  
  Mary Hutchison (2005). Arts Access Australia.
Examples and Profiles
- Enderby, BC –- Enderby and District Community Play Project – 110KB (2002)
  
  Desired outcomes, challenges and lessons learned.
  A project report presented by Cathy Stubington at the Inaugural Creative City Network
  Conference, November 2002.
- Richmond, BC – A City of Cultural Fusion and Change – 334KB (2004)
  
  Creative City Network of Canada. Article written by Kari Huhtala on the rise of new architecture and public art that reflects the cultural fusion and cross-cultural experience that is Richmond.
- USA – Immigrant Participatory Arts: An Insight into Community-Building in Silicon Valley, Inquiries into Culture Series – 1678KB (2004)
  
  Pia Moriarty, Ph.D. (2004). Inquiries into Culture Series. San José, California: Cultural Initiatives Silicon Valley.
- Vancouver, BC – Community Building through Cultural Expression – 154KB
  
  Collingwood Neighbourhood House community-building through the arts project in East Vancouver – Final Report.
- Wales –- Worth Making a Song & Dance About – 1056KB
  
  Case studies of exemplary voluntary and community arts projects in Wales.
Policies Plans and Practices
- Municipal Anti-Racism & Diversity Programs in Canada [PDF] – 392KB
  
  The Laurier Institution report on “Municipal anti-racism and diversity programs in Canada” provides an overview of diversity and anti-racism programs in Canadian municipalities, identifies some of the major benefits of these programs, and describes some of the more innovative features of programs in five moderately sized municipalities across Canada.
- Municipal Diversity & Anti-Racism Programs in Canada
  
  Presentation Handout in PDF format based on the Laurier Institution’s report: key findings.
- Ottawa, ON – Community Arts Program
  
  Community Arts Program for professional artists.
- Welcoming and Inclusive Communities Toolkit
  
  With support from the Alberta Human Rights, Citizenship and Multiculturalism Education Fund, the Alberta Urban Municipalities Association (AUMA) has developed the Welcoming and Inclusive Communities Toolkit, wanting to build welcoming and inclusive communities and combat racism and discrimination. The toolkit aligns closely with the goals of the human rights commission to build inclusive and welcoming communities and reduce racism and discrimination.
Youth
- A Place for Culture: Developing a local culture offer for all children and young people – 112KB (2010)
  
  Department for Culture, Media and Sport, UK (April 2010). This document sets out a vision that all children, no matter where they live or what their background, should have the opportunity to enjoy high-quality cultural experiences in and out of school.
- The Art in Peacemaking: A Guide to Integrating Conflict Resolution Education Into Youth Arts Programs – 1344KB (2002)
  
  Brunson, R., Conte, Z. and Masar, S. (2002). USA: National Center for Conflict Resolution Education.
- Using the arts and culture to deliver positive activities for young people – 2206KB (2009)
  
  Arts Council England. October 2009.
- Vancouver, BC – Watch yOUR step! – 78KB (2002)
  
  Sidewalk mosaic project undertaken by Roundhouse Community Centre in Vancouver to outreach to street-involved youth and to raise awareness of their issues.
- What’s the point? Using drama to engage young people at risk – 84KB (2006)
  
  Arts Council England. (June 2006). This report summarises the findings of case study research into a drama based Positive Activities for Young People (PAYP) project. The project was delivered using the Drama Enrichment materials which form part of the Youth Justice Board (YJB) PLUS strategy. Executive Summary.

Cultural Districts

Cultural Districts
- Municipal Development of Cultural Spaces: Illuminating the Contributions of Municipal Governments to the Development of Cultural Spaces – 9550KB (2005)
  
  (August 2005).
- Port Coquitlam, BC – Development study for Community Arts Village – 2714KB
  
  Development study for the creation of a “community arts village” in downtown Port Coquitlam, based on community cultural development principles.
- Vancouver, BC – Co-operative planning partnership between Province and City for cultural precinct – 47KB (2006)
  
  Announced in April 2006, the planning partnership will begin initial development work on establishing a cultural precinct in Downtown Vancouver that will review the City’s lont-term and short-term cultural priorities – Press Release (April 5, 2006).
- Whitehorse, YT – Catalysts: A review of organizations and cities that provide cultural infrastructure & Culture’s role in supporting economic and cultural tourism development – 651KB
  
  (April 2004).
- Whitehorse, YT – Cultural Spaces on the Whitehorse Waterfront – 278KB
  
  (March 2005).
- Whitehorse, YT – On the Waterfront: The vision of Artspace North for Whitehorse Waterfront Development – 503KB
  
  (July 2004).

Cultural Facilities

Arts and Community Centres
- Participation in Arts and Culture: The Importance of Community Venues – 350KB (2003)
  
  US study finds that more people attend arts and cultural events in community venues than in conventional arts venues (2003).
- Port Coquitlam, BC – Development study for Community Arts Village – 2714KB (2003)
  
  Development study for the creation of a “community arts village” in downtown Port Coquitlam, based on community cultural development principles.
Arts Incubators and Creative Clusters
- Artist centers: evolution and impact on careers, neighborhoods and economies – 9399KB (2006)
  
  Markusen, Ann and Johnson, Amanda (February 2006). Minneapolis: Project on Regional and Industrial Economics Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota.
- Toronto, ON – The 215 Centre for Social Innovation – 975KB
  
  Overview & Request for Support for a proposed “Centre for Social Innovation” making re-use of a heritage building for progressive social, arts and culture organizations.
Facility Development
- Cultural Facilities Development: Steps to Implementation – 55KB
  
  York, Jeffrey J. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Arts Council. Recommended steps and task list for the development of cultural facilities from a community convenor perspective, covering both planning and implementation.
- Cultural Facilities Study Summary – 46KB (2003)
  
  Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finace Fund.
- Deciding on a Facility Project – 379KB (2003)
  
  Facility Planning and Advice. Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finance Fund.
- Facility Development 101 – 105KB (2002)
  
  Creative City Network of Canada. Sue Harvey’s Facility Development 101 session at the Creative City Network conference, November 9, 2002.
- Facility Development 101 b – 76KB (2002)
  
  Creative City Network of Canada. Sue Harvey’s PPT presentation at the Creative City Network conference, November 9, 2002.
- Funding a new cultural facility: Should you begin construction before every dollar is in place? – 61KB (2000)
  
  Creative City Network of Canada. Examples, issues, and advice. (Culture-L archives – June-July 2000)
- Glossary of facilities, real estate and financial terms – 172KB (2003)
  
  Facility Planning and Advice. Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finance Fund.
- Moving Guide – 56KB (2003)
  
  Facility Planning and Advice. Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finance Fund.
- Moving Schedule – 36KB (2003)
  
  Facility Planning and Advice. Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finance Fund.
- Pitfalls and Dangers to AvoidPitfalls and Dangers to Avoid – 381KB (2003)
  
  Facility Planning and Advice. Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finance Fund.
- Vancouver – Naming Rights and Commemorative Naming Policies, Civic Community Facilities – 176KB (2006)
  
  City of Vancouver (2006). Policy Report. September 25, 2006. Vancouver: City of Vancouver.
- What is a Facility Project? – 193KB (2003)
  
  Facility Planning and Advice. Nonprofit Finance Fund (2003). New York, NY: Nonprofit Finance Fund.
Libraries
- (Evolving) Bibliography on cultural programming in public libraries – 53KB NOTE: Probably not still “Evolving” (2005)
  
  Cull, John (2005). References compiled by John Cull, Head Librarian, Fine Arts and Music Division, Vancouver Public Library.
Museums and Archives
- Burnaby, BC – Museum Policy – 150KB (2003)
  
  Museum policy adopted in May 2003 to guide planning and management.
- Dissolution or Closing of a Museum – 132KB (2009)
  
  Municipal policy outlining procedures related to permanently closing a museum.
Theatres Galleries and Other Facilities
- Spruce Grove, AB – Theatre Advisory Board Agreement Sample – 72KB (2005)
  
  Horizon Stage has a Theatre Advisory Board with a somewhat complicated organizational structure in that it represents both the City of Spruce Grove and Parkland County, which cost shares with the city on the operation of Horizon Stage.

Cultural Tourism

Background Reading and Research
- Attracting Audiences in Ontario’s Big Cities: Attractions at Home and while Travelling among Toronto and Ottawa Residents – 286KB (2002)
  
  City of Toronto et al., January 2002. Major attractions in the Toronto area (including the Art Gallery of Ontario, McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Ontario Science Centre, Royal Botanical Gardens, Royal Ontario Museuem, the Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership, and the City of Toronto) provided support for Research Resolutions & Consulting Ltd. to undertake a special analysis of Statistics Canada’s Tourism Activity and Motivation Survey (TAMS) from a resident perspective. The project was designed to provide attractions in the Toronto and Ottawa/Hull Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) with a better understanding of what types of cultural and entertainment activities residents participate in at home and when they travel.
- Canada’s Heritage Tourism Enthusiasts – A Special Analysis of the Travel Activities and Motivation Survey (TAMS): Executive Summary – 118KB (2002)
  
  Canadian Tourism Commission, September 2002. Profile of Canadian Domestic Heritage Tourists 2002. This report focuses on Heritage Tourism Enthusiasts – “Canadians who have taken leisure trips in Canada and exhibit a particular interest in heritage-related activities when they travel.”
- Cultural and Heritage Tourism in Australia – 585KB (2006)
  
  Snapshot. Tourism Australia (2006).
- Cultural Tourism and Business Opportunities for Museums and Heritage Sites – 224KB (2002)
  
  Ted Silberberg (Lord Cultural Resource Planning and Management), 2002. Article.
- Cultural Tourism vs. Sport Tourism vs. Event Tourism – 59KB (2003)
  
  Ian Kerr-Wilson (Curator, Hamilton Civic Museums), 2003. Brief discussion paper on the frequent competition between culture and sport for tourism development funding and keeping the focus of tourism development on community development. Written for the Creative City Network.
- Factors Influencing Visitor’s Choices of Urban Destinations in North America – 1260KB (2004)
  
  Global Insight Inc. for the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Recreation, May 21, 2004. The purpose of this study was to quantify the factors that influence consumers’ choices of large urban destinations in North America. The results of the study are meant to help planners in evaluating the tourism impacts of projects under consideration. The study includes 10 Canadian cities and 40 US cities. “Attractors” were grouped into 4 categories: Arts & Culture, Environment & Built Form, Entertainment, and Accommodation & Food.
- Ontario Analyses of Travel Activities and Motivations Survey – 94KB
  
  Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Recreation. A series of research reports based on special analyses of the Travel Activities and Motivation Survey can be downloaded from the website of the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Recreation. Some cultural tourism-related examples: Cultural and Entertainment Segmentation Report; The Opera Market of the Toronto–Oshawa Hamilton Region; The Market for Live Theatre in the Toronto–Oshawa Hamilton Region; The Market for Live Theatre, Opera & Ballet in Selected U.S. States & Cities; Aboriginal Tourism Report; The Impact of Aging the Canadian Market on Tourism in Ontario.
- Ontario’s Overnight Cultural Tourist Market 2004 and Its Economic Impact in Ontario – 631KB (2006)
  
  Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Recreation, 2006.
- Place as Product: A Place-Based Approach to Cultural Tourism (2013)
  
  Steven Thorne, 2013. This article originally appeared in the September 2008 issue of Municipal World. Article, and revised in 2013.
- U.S. Heritage Travel Enthusiasts – A Special Analysis of the Travel Activities and Motivation Survey (TAMS): Executive Summary – 114KB (2002)
  
  Canadian Tourism Commission, September 2002. Profile of U.S. Heritage Tourists in Canada 2002. This report focuses on Heritage Tourism Enthusiasts – “Americans who have taken leisure trips in Canada and exhibit a particular interest in heritage-related activities when they travel.”
Examples and Project Profiles
- Okanagan Region, BC – The Okanagan Cultural Corridor – 92KB (2004)
  
  The Okanagan Cultural Corridor is a cultural tourism initiative encompassing 3 regional districts, over 25 communities, and more than 210 cultural providers. The Kelowna-based organization functions as a regional marketing and development vehicle for cultural tourism. It is working to develop cultural tourism routes in the region, set up a tourism performance tracking program for cultural attractions, and create a ‘clearing house’ of information, tools and advocacy for the entire cultural sector in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys of British Columbia. An update written by Sandra Kochan for the Creative City Network, March 2004.
Policies, Plans, and Strategies
- Aboriginal Tourism in Canada – Atiik Aski: Land of the Caribou – 1273KB
  
  A guide to developing community-based and Aboriginal tourism. The guide identifies and describes eight best practices derived from a community tourism development strategic planning process carried out over two years by 13 communities in northwestern Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan.
- Halifax Regional Municipality, NS – Heritage Tourism Strategy – 545KB (2001)
  
  In 1996, the Halifax Regional Municipality began a process of review and consolidation of heritage and cultural services. In 1998, the mandate of the Halifax Regional Tourism Department was expanded to include heritage and culture. In 1999, staff were brought together from planning and museum branches and tasked to meet with the community to develop a heritage strategy that met three goals: to improve public efficiency, reduce dependency on the municipality and to enhance sustainable opportunities. The HRM Heritage Tourism Strategy was developed in 2001 to address these goals.
- Toronto, ON – Five Year Tourism Action Plan – 937KBNOTE: date range for plan is 2003-2008 (2003)
  
  To provide City Council and the broader tourism industry with a practical plan of action for revitalizing the city’s tourism industry over the 2003-2007 period. Priority Three: Enhancing Tourism Product referrs directly to cultural institutions, organizations, and special events. Published June 2003.

Sustainability

Background Reading and Research
- Arts and Culture in the Metropolis Strategies for Sustainability – 148KB (2007)
  
  McCarthy, Kevin F., Heneghan Ondaatje, Elizabeth and Novak, Jennifer L. (2007). USA: RAND Corporation.
- Arts and Ecological Sustainability Report – 217KB (2009)
  
  IFACCA (January 2009). This report provides examples of good practice in supporting artists or arts organisations with creative and practical responses to ecological concerns. The research was undertaken in collaboration with Arts Council England, which was looking to identify potential partners with whom to develop its own work in this area. This report contains a commentary and analysis of the responses to the D’art query from IFACCA’s network written by ACE’s John Hartley, and includes background and context, a full digest of responses, and links to information resources.
- Mapping the Terrain of Contemporary EcoART Practice and Collaboration – 167KB (2006)
  
  Carruthers, Beth. (2006). Ottawa, ON: Canadian Commission for UNESCO.
- Social Sustainability and the Art of Engagement—the Small Towns: Big Picture Experience – 167KB (2005)
  
  Maureen Rogers (La Trobe University, Australia). (April 2005). Local Environment, Vol. 10, No. 2, 109–124. USA: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.

Urban and Rural Studies

Background Reading and Research
- Artists by Neighbourhood in Canada – 1199KB (2005)
  
  Hill Strategies Research Inc. (October 2005). Statistical insights on the arts, Vol. 4 No. 2. Canada: Hill Strategies Research Inc.
- Artists in Large Canadian Cities – 1735KB (2006)
  
  Hill Strategies Research Inc. (March 2006). Statistical insights on the arts, Vol. 4 No. 4. Canada: Hill Strategies Research Inc.
- Artists in Small and Rural Municipalities in Canada – 1529KB (2006)
  
  Hill Strategies Research Inc. (February 2006). Statistical insights on the arts, Vol. 4 No. 3. Canada: Hill Strategies Research Inc.
- Arts and culture in regeneration – 237KB (2006)
  
  International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA). (August 2006). D’Art Topics in Arts Policy, No. 25. Sydney, Australia: IFACCA. A review of international literature related to arts and culture in regeneration, presented at the World Summit on Arts asnd Culture held in NewcatleGateshead, England, in June 2006.
- Come as You Are: Informal Arts Participation in Urban and Rural Communities – 80KB (2010)
  
  National Endowment for the Arts, March 2010. “Attendance at performing arts events and art museums is greater in urbanized areas. However, urban and rural residents generally participate in the “informal arts” (activities often unaffiliated with for-profit and nonprofit arts organizations) at similar rates.”
- Cultural Development Strategies and Urban Revitalization: A survey of US cities – 117KB (2007)
  
  Carl Grodach and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris (2007). International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol. 13, No. 4.
- Culture in Small and Rural Communities – 208KB (2010)
  
  Arts Research Monitor 8.9 – February 2010. Hill Strategies Research Inc. In this issue: A number of recent reports have examined how the arts can contribute to the quality of life as well as the social and economic well-being of small and rural communities. These reports have also examined factors that attract artists or contribute to the vitality of the arts in small and rural communities.
- Does Cultural Activity Make a Difference to Community Capacity? A key question addressed by the Small Towns: Big Picture project. – 184KB (2003)
  
  Rogers, Maureen and Spokes, Judy. Paper presented to the National Congress of Local Government Managers, July 2003. Published in Community Quarterly Vo 1 No 4.
- Edge Cities: Competitive and Collaborative Creative Economy Strategies for Surrey – 1705KB (2008)
  
  (A White Paper for the Surrey Economic Summit Contributing to the Liveable Cities Theme) Murray, C. (August 31, 2008). Centre for Policy Studies on Culture and Communities, Simon Fraser University.
- One Vision, Many Voices: How to Build a Sustainable Rural Canada – 4026KB (2008)
  
  Prepared by Western Sky Management Associates Inc. for the Alberta Association of Municipal Districts and Counties, 2009. Recommendations from the National Symposium Rural Matters! Forging Healthy Canadian Communities.
- Social Sustainability and the Art of Engagement—the Small Towns: Big Picture Experience – 167KB (2005)
  
  Maureen Rogers (La Trobe University, Australia).(April 2005). Local Environment, Vol. 10, No. 2, 109–124. USA: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.
- Strengthening Rural Economies through the Arts – 307KB (2005)
  
  NGA Center for Best Practices. Issue Brief-Executive Summary (2005).